Basic Theory:
It
is possible to make a logical circuit using numerous full adders to add n-bit
numbers. In case of a four bit adder, the number of bits is four; hence it is a
4-bit adder. The main principle behind it is that, “each full adder inputs a Cin, which is the Cout of the previous adder”.
This kind of adder is called a ripple-carry adder or a parallel adder, since
each carry bit "ripples" to the next full adder in parallel. We must
note that the first (and only the first) full adder may be replaced by a half
adder. The layout of a ripple-carry adder is simple, which allows for fast
design time; however, the ripple-carry adder is relatively slow, since each
full adder must wait for the carry bit to be calculated from the previous full
adder.
Boolean Expressions (for Full Adder):
Sn = A⊕B⊕C
Cn = BC + (B⊕C)
A
Circuit Diagram:
Observed Values:
Following set of values
were obtained in observation.
2. 1101 + 0001 = 1110
3. 1101 + 0010 = 1111
4. 0010 + 0010 = 0100
5. 1000 + 1000 = 0000; Cout = 1
Reference:
Wikipedia (2013), Adder
(electronics), Ripple-carry Adder,
Accessed: February 8, 2013, Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_%28electronics%29#Ripple-carry_adder
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