INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence
is technology and a branch of computer science that studies and develops
intelligent machines and software. Luger and Stubblefield define Artificial
Intelligence as the branch of computer science that is concerned with the
automation of intelligent behavior. The field of artificial intelligence
attempts to understand intelligent entities. One reason to study it is to learn
more about our own intelligence [1]. It is a broad topic, comprising of diverse
fields of study, from neuroscience to expert systems. The common element that
all the fields of AI have in between them is the creation of machines that can
"think" like human. The theory and insights brought about by AI
research are the likely trends in the future of computing [2].
DEVELOPMENT
The field of AI
research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the
summer of 1956. By the end of the two-month conference, artificial intelligence
had found its niche. However, the main concept of Artificial Intelligence was
initiated when Alan Turing proposed “Turing Test” in 1950. Artificial
intelligence research has progressed very much since the Dartmouth conference,
but the ultimate AI system has yet to be invented [3]. The main advances over
the past sixty years have been advances in search algorithms, machine learning
algorithms, and integrating statistical analysis into understanding the world
at large [4].
